Ford1's As百度竞价推广bly line
It is hard for modern people to imagine the life one hundred years ago. No television, no plastic, no ATMs, no DVDs. Illnesses like tuberculosis2, diphtheria, pneumonia3 meant only death. Of course, cloning appeared only in science fiction. Not to mention, computer and Internet.
对于一百年前的生活，今天的大家是非常难想象的。没电视、没塑料、没自动提款机、没DVD。一些像肺结核、白喉和肺炎如此的病是死亡的代名词。当然，大家只在有科幻小说里才会见得到克隆。更不需要说电脑和网络了。
Today, our workplace are equipped with as百度竞价推广bly lines, fax machines, computers. Our daily life is cushioned by air conditioners, cell phones. Antiobitics helped created a long list of miracle drugs. The bypass operation saved millions. The discovery of DNA4 has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Man finally stepped on the magical and mysterious Moon. With the rapid changes we have been experiencing, the anticipation5 for the future is higher than ever.
一百年未来的今天，在上班时，大家有装配流水线、传真机、电脑。空调、手机使大家的平时生活变得安逸。抗生素的发现使一大量能创造生命奇迹的药得以问世；心脏搭摄手术救活了数以百万计的生命；DNA的发现使科学家对治疗办法的认识发生了翻天覆地的变化。人类终于登上了魔力无穷、神秘莫测的月球。伴随科技的迅猛进步，人类对将来怀有前所未有些憧憬。
A revoluntionary manufacturing process made it possible for anyone to own a car. Henry Ford, the man who put the world on wheels.
一种革命性的制造程序使几乎每一个人都能拥有一辆小汽车。亨利福特给世界装上了轮子。
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Henry Ford who most influenced all manufacturing. Everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars one, strange to say, that originated in slaughter-houses.
假如要挑选出那些对大家所有人的生活都产生过影响的人物来，就不可以忽视亨利福特。从目前起100年后的一位历史学家非常或许会得出如此的结论：对每个地方所有制造业产生影响最大的是福特，甚至直至今依旧这样，由于他开始使用了一种新的制造汽车的办法奇怪的是这种办法起来自于屠宰场。
Back in the early 1900s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a dis-as百度竞价推广bly line. That is. The carcass of a slain6 steer7 or a pig was moved past various meat-cutters, each of whom cut off only a certain portion. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile9 engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely as百度竞价推广ble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component10 to it. The same one each time. Professor David Hounshell, of The University of Delaware , an expert on industrial development tells what happened:
在本世纪初，屠宰场合用的可以称为拆卸线，马上一头宰好的牛体或猪体从不少切肉工人面前移动经过，每个切肉工人只割下特定的某个部分。福特将这一过程颠倒过来，试一试会不会加速汽车上一个叫做磁铁发电机的部件的生产。不让每一个工人组装一台完整的磁铁发电机，而是将发电机的一个部件放在传送带上，在它经过时，每一个工人都给它添装上一个部件，每次都装配同样的一个部件。特拉华大学教授戴维亨谢尔是工业进步专家，他谈起当时的状况：
The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one as百度竞价推广bly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the as百度竞价推广bly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.
前一天，完成整个组装过程的工人，平均每个人每20分钟组装一台磁铁发电机。可是那一天，在这条装配线上的装配组，每个人平均每13分10秒钟就组装一台。
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially11 as百度竞价推广bled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before. Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable12 achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to '260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto8 makers13 the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes are made on as百度竞价推广bly lines.
不到一年，装配时间便减到5分钟。1913年福特改革了装配汽车的全过程。用绳子钩住的部分组装好的汽车被拖着从工人身旁经过，工大家一次只组装上一个部件。不久，福特公司一年就生产出几十万辆汽车，在当时是一项极出色的收获。这一新的系统这样有效而且经济划算以致他将自己生产出来的汽车削价一半，降至每辆260USD，使那些在此之前一直买不起汽车的人都有能力买了。不久全世界的汽车制造商都仿效起他来。事实是，他写了一本名为《今天和明天》的书介绍他的改革，来鼓励他们如此做。汽车的年代到来了。今天，在机器人和其他形式的智能化推进下，从烤面包机到香水，所有的所有，全都是在装配线上生产出来的。
Edsel Ford, Henry's great-grandson, and a Ford vice14 president: I think that my great-grandfather would just be amazed at how far technology has come.
埃德索尔福特是亨利的曾孙，也是福特企业的副总裁之一。他说：我想曾祖父对于今天制造工艺获得了这样长足的进步是会惊叹不已的。
Many of today's innovations come from Japan. Norman Bodek, who publishes books about manufacturing processes, finds this ironic15. On a recent trip to Japan he talked to two of the TOP officials of Toyota.
今天的很多项改革都来自日本，出版过不少关于制造步骤的书本的诺曼博德克觉得这一点具备讽刺意味。不久前他在访问日本时曾同
丰田 两位最高官员谈过话。
When I asked them where these secrets came from, where their ideas came from to manufacture in a totally different way, they laughed, and they said. 'Well. we just read it in Henry Ford's book from 1926. Today and Tomorrow.'
当我问他们这类秘密来自什么地方，他们从什么地方获得这类想法以使用完全不一样的制造办法时，他们笑了并且说，'唤，大家只是从亨利福特在1926年写的那本书《今夫和明天》里读到的。'
His company has reissued the book because, he says, manufacturers everywhere can still learn from Henry Ford.
他说他的公司已第三发行了这本书，由于各地的制造商今天仍然可以向亨利福特学习。